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Types of COVID-19 vaccines in development

 


Known safety profile: inactivated vaccines better known than protein subunit and nucleic acid and these two are better than viral vector

Whole virus vaccines use a weakened (attenuated) or deactivated form of the pathogen that causes a disease to trigger protective immunity to it.  There are two types of whole virus vaccines. 

1. Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the virus, which can still grow and replicate, but does not cause illness.

2. Inactivated vaccines contain viruses whose genetic material has been destroyed by heat, chemicals or radiation so they cannot infect cells and replicate, but can still trigger an immune response.

Both are known, tried and tested vaccination strategies, which form the basis of many existing vaccines – including those for yellow fever and measles, shingles (live attenuated vaccines), or seasonal influenza and hepatitis A (inactivated vaccines). 


ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES

Well-established technology

Strong immune response

Immune response involves B cells and T cells

Relatively simple to manufacture

Unsuitable for people with compromised immune systems

May trigger disease in very rare cases

Relatively temperature sensitive, so careful storage necessary


ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INACTIVATED VIRUS VACCINES

Well-established technology

Suitable for people with compromised immune systems

No live components, so no risk of the vaccine triggering disease

Relatively simple to manufacture

Relatively stable

Booster shots may be required


Inactivated vaccines:

Three from China (Sinovac, China, Brazil, UAE, few other countries)

One from India (Covaxin, INDIA)

One from Khazakhstan










https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-are-whole-virus-vaccines-and-how-could-they-be-used-against-covid-19

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