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CoronaVac-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine

 CoronaVac is an inactivated vaccine candidate against COVID-19, created from African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) that have been inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (CN02 strain). 

At the end of the incubation period, the virus is harvested, inactivated with β-propiolactone (BPL), concentrated, purified, and finally absorbed onto aluminium hydroxide. The aluminium hydroxide complex is then diluted in a sodium chloride, phosphate-buffered saline, and water solution before being sterilised and filtered ready for injection. 

Vaccine is prepared in a Good Manufacturing Practice-accredited facility of Sinovac Life Sciences (Beijing, China) that is periodically inspected by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration committee for compliance. 

Vaccine of 3 μg in 0·5 mL of aluminium hydroxide diluent per dose in ready-to-use syringes is administered intramuscularly according to the dosing schedule of either day 0 and day 14, or day 0 and day 28, depending on the cohort.


BPL


BPL is widely used for the inactivation of infectious agents (bacteria, fungi, viruses) in many vaccine preparations as well as in disinfection, plasma sterilization and tissue transplants

BPL reacts with nucleophilic reagents (including nucleic acids and proteins) leading to alkylated and/or acylated products. BPL is very reactive with different chemical moieties of various biological molecule including proteins (mostly methionine, cysteine and histidine) and nucleic acids (mainly adenosine, cytidine and guanosine moieties of the vRNA)

Ref:

1. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial

Zhang, Yanjun et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 0, Issue 0


2. Pierre Bonnafous, Marie-Claire Nicolaï, Jean-Christophe Taveau, Michel Chevalier, Fabienne Barrière, Julie Medina, Olivier Le Bihan, Olivier Adam, Frédéric Ronzon, Olivier Lambert,
Treatment of influenza virus with Beta-propiolactone alters viral membrane fusion,
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes,
Volume 1838, Issue 1, Part B, 2014, Pages 355-363

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